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The micro-pillar compression test is a widely used technique to investigate deformation mechanisms in individual grains of metallic materials and provides a way to measure the critical resolved shear stress by analysing the activated slip system(s) [1]. In this work, the deformation mechanism of P91 martensitic steel is studied at room temperature utilizing a micro-pillar compression test in conjunction with crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) modelling. The CPFE simulations were carried out using the experimentally measured pillar geometry and crystallographic orientation, see Fig 1. Micropillars were milled using a focused ion beam instrument from grains with different orientations measured using electron backscattered diffraction. The rate dependent CPFE model parameters were calibrated from the load-displacement curves of the micropillar tests. Following the tests, scanning electron microscopy images of the deformed micropillars were compared with the corresponding prediction of the CPFE models to evaluate the predictive capacity of the finite element models. Figure 1(b) shows that the shape of the deformed micro-pillar and the location of the slip bands were well predicted.