Virtual Compression Test by Multi-Scale Approach with Wood Cell Model
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Computational methods are useful for optimizing material forming and understanding the mechanism. However, it is difficult to reproduce the deformation of the wood by computational methods because of the hierarchical and complex structure of the wood. Computational methods that reproduce wood deformation are desired for the development of wood forming which is environmentally friendly. Wood has a periodic structure composed of annual rings and cells, so a multi-scale approach could be effective for reproducing wood deformation. In this study, a virtual compression test of wood was performed by finite element analysis using a representative volume element (RVE) whose shape is like a wood cell structure, and the virtual test result was compared with the experimental result. In the experiment, a compression test of softwood, such as Japanese cedar, was performed using a specimen whose size is 20×20×40 mm. In RVE for the virtual test, the wood cell shape was modelled as a hexagonal shape based on observations of the specimen. Tilt angles θ of the annual rings relative to compression direction were 0, 45 and 90°. The elastic modulus E obtained in the experiment increased in the order of 45, 0 and 90° of the annual ring tilt angle θ. This effect of θ on E could be reproduced in the virtual test, which indicated that E was the largest when θ=90° because the stress was generated over the wide area of the cell wall, while the stress was concentrated at the hinge portion of the cell wall when θ=45°. These results suggest that RVE with a wood cell shape can reproduce the deformation behaviour of wood, and this approach is useful for understanding the deformation mechanism.
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